Mr Salus Sporting LabHow to Burn Fat? Ask it to your energy metabolism!
- mrsalus2021
- January 8, 2021
- 4:13 pm
- One Comment
Where the human body does get the energy from?
All the food that we ingest and metabolize and utilized for energy purposes is transformed into a unique molecule, the ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
ATP is a molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of cells.
It is often referred to as the “molecular unit of currency” for energy transfer within living organisms.
ATP is composed of three main components such as:
- Adenine
- Ribose Sugar
- Three Phosphate Groups
The adenine and ribose sugar form the adenosine portion of the molecule, while the three phosphate groups are connected in a chain-like structure.
The energy stored in ATP is released when the terminal phosphate group is cleaved through a hydrolysis reaction, resulting in the formation of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
ATP acts as an intermediary between energy-releasing reactions (catabolic reactions) and energy-requiring reactions (anabolic reactions) within the cell, facilitating the transfer of energy to where it is needed.
What is our energy metabolism?
To understand how our body utilizes the different energy substrates during a different state of activity, we need to get some notions about our energy metabolism.
Energy metabolism is the system that our body utilizes to produce energy that utilizes for its vital functions.
In the post-absorption period, at rest, skeletal muscle does not use glucose as the main energy substrate: more precisely, about 10% of the energy generated in resting muscle derives from the oxidation of glucose, 85 -90% from the oxidation of free fatty acids (FFA) and only 1-4% from amino acids ( Protein ).
Energy metabolism during exercise
In the early stages of any physical activity, muscle glycogen and ATP-CP ( Adenosine Triphosphate – Creatine Phosphate ) are metabolized to produce energy through anaerobic ( without oxygen ) metabolic pathways.
As the exercise continues, while the high intensity continues, glycogen becomes the main energy source of reference.
In medium-high intensity exercise, the use of hepatic glycogen is such to results in a halving of stocks in less than an hour.
Instead, FFA ( Free Fatty Acid ) represents the energy source of greatest reference for the body, being their prevalent use for Basal Metabolism (MB) and during moderate-intensity physical activities (20-50% of Maximal Oxygen Uptake or VO2 max )
For fats, depletion situations practically never occur.
During exercise, the main limiting factor in the use of FFA is the intensity of the exercise itself.
During intense and protracted work, the high concentration of lactate results in little or no use of fats.
Many people think that when they do high-intensity workouts and sweating more, they burn more fat.
The graph below expresses the energy expended at a different percentage of our VO2 max ( Maximal Oxygen Uptake ) that represent the intensity of the exercise.
As you can see from the graph, the use of FFA and Muscle Triglyceride progressively decreases with the increase in oxygen uptake and therefore with the intensity of exercise.
The reduced use of FFA occurs mainly for two reasons:
- FFA needs more oxygen than glucose to be broken down to produce energy.
- FFA needs more time than glucose to be broken down to produce energy.
Due to these dynamics of energy metabolism, a high-intensity exercise cannot have a long duration ( glucose is the main substrate that depletes rapidly ), just as a long endurance exercise cannot be very intense ( FFA is the main substrate ).
The graph above explains the percentage contribution of the different substrates as an energy source during physical exercise.
As we can see from the graph the contribution of the FFA as an energy source during the first part ( 30 minutes ) of all kinds of exercises is very low.
Instead, in the second part ( after 30 minutes ), the contribution of the FFA as an energy source starts to increase rapidly.
The 3 golden tips to burn fat during exercise.
By summarizing all the notions described above about our energy metabolism, we can identify 3 fundamental points for burning fat during physical exercise:
- Physical Exercise should be longer than 30 minutes.
- The intensity of exercise should be around 50-60% of your VO2 max ( It corresponds to approximately 90-120 bpm.
- You can change the type of exercise to avoid both physical and mental fatigue which could reduce the duration of the exercise.
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